Internal-combustion engine.



W. J. WRIGHT. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.11, 1909. RBNEWED TBB. 28, 1913.

WITNESS/5S.'

W. J. WRIGHT. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 11, 1909. BENBWED 11:15.28. 191s.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

W. J. WRIGHT. INTERNAL COMBUSTIN `IIIGIILEI. APPLIOATION FILED umn, 1909. RBNBWED rn. ze, ma.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

SHEETS-SHEET 3.

`W. J. WRIGHT.

` INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE. APrLIoATIoN FILED .11111.11, 1909. nnNnwED rm. 2s, 1913.

1,05 9,421 1 1 Patented Apr, 22, 1913,1

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W. J. WRIGHT.

INTERNAL COMBUSIION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION Imm umu, 19o9.n1.nr:w1m rm. 2a, 191s.

1,059,421. f Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

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[XPLODED NEW CHAHU WIT/VES 8." /Nl/ENTOH Q WlZiamLJ WILLIAM J.` WRIGHT, OF FIRAN'KLIN,` PENNSYLVANIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specilcation of Letters Patent.

Application led January `11, 1909,.Serial No. 471,553. Renewed February 28, 1913. Serial No. 751,389.

t. To all 'whom t may con-cern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM J .1 WRIGHT. residing at Franklin, in the county of Venango and State of Pennsylvania, have invented cert-ain new and `useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. l

My invention is a high pressure, high speed, compound, two cycle engine, .and in itsgeneric nature the. invention resides 1n an engine wherein the working agent is iirst exploded to exercise its forceonla primary piston in a high pressurecylinder and is then withdrawnfrom actionon such piston and re-compressed by a secondary ).ist'on in `a low pressure or secondary cylin er, after' which the charge isreturned in whole or part .to the primary cylinder to add its energy to that of a second charge in theA primary cylinder that is acting on the high pressure piston, and also at the time the high and low pressure cylinders are thrown into communication to equalize the pressure in the two, whereby the combined charge of recompressed, primarily exploded working agent and the newly exploded new charge will act together on the highland low pressure pistons to cause them to move in unison and add-their force together as one.

Again myinvention resides in an engine having a primary or high pressurecylinder and its piston and anauxrliary, .secondary or low pressure cylinder and its piston which secondary plston operates during a part of itscyc e to evacuatethe primary cylinder to thereby draw in anew" charge of fresh working agent to the primary cylinder; during another part 'of its cycle the secondary piston operates to recompress the 4first exploded charge within the secondary cylinder which has been drawn from thc Morebrietly the gist of m invention resides 1n'a two-cycle compoun engine wherein the working agent is used to act on a prit piston so both istons move together during i a art of thelr cycle of movement after whlch the reused charge is withdrawn from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinder andexhausted from the secondary cylinder to atmosphere at atmospheric pressure in a practically smokeless and odorless condition and fully consumed.

Another object of nr invention is to so manipulate the reuseab e charge, which has been reduced to a lower temperature, in conjunction with the new charge at a high temperature, to act on the rlmary piston by increasing the volume of) agent within the zone of action ofthe piston, so as toilower the temperature during a portion of the cycle of operation and continuing the stroke of the piston at such lower temperature and increased volume of workingagent and thus aid in absorbing the heat from the walls of the primary working cylinder.

Another `object of my invention is to provide an engine of the double acting,two cycle,\compound type embodying the construction and operation aforesaid.

My invention also resides in those novel details of construction, combination, operationz and arrangement of parts, which will be first fully described in detail, then be specifically pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1, is a side elevation of the double acting form of my engine. Fig. 9., is an end elevation thereof. Fig. 3, is a horizontal section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4, is a cross section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3,` looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. is a horizontal section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6, is a horizontal section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7, is a detail vertical section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 8. Fig.` 8, is a horizontal section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7. Figs. to 9 to 14 inclusive, are diagrammatic views hereinafter specifically referred to. Fig. 15, is a diagrammatic view of `a single acting engine without a` Patented Apr. 22, 1913.y

cross-head. F ig.4 16, is a doublesingleacting engine wherein two engines of the type shown in Fig. 15 are connected to a singlev has a fresh worklng agent inletport 22, is

mounted. Within the cylinder 20 is the high pressure piston 23 that is secured to a piston rod 24 which projects through a gland 18 in the' front head 13 and terminates in a cross head 25 to which the connecting rod 26 is pivoted. The .rod 26 connects with the crank 29of the drive or crank shaft 28.

The primary cylinder 20 is water-j'acketed at 21. The secondary or low pressure cylindexl -30 has suitably positioned exhaust ports :3l-32, and is mounted on the bed 1. The heads 5 and 13 serve for both cylinders 20-30 and have waterjacket spaces 11-17 respectively. The head 5\houses the valve 6, which 4co trols communication between 'the ports 9 and 10 -that'respectively coms municate with the ends 7'4 and 72 ofthe cylinders 30 and 20, respectively. valve 6 has its. stem projected througha bearing 7 to-engage the trip lever 12. The secondary or low pressurepiston 33 has its rod 34 projected, through a gland 19 in the head 13 and oined with across head-35 that connects wit necting rod .36,'as shown. NA. valve 14- oldI the crank 27 through a` con-"- like construction to the valve 6 controls 14 having its stem arranged to be engaged by the triplever 60. The exhaust valve 37 has a `stem 38Athatis disposed within a casing 39, having an outlet pipe 40 to atmosphere. The valve 37 is actuated by a cam 46 on a shaft 45 that is mounted in bearings 3-3 :and drivenfrom the crank or drive shaft 28 by gears 48 and 49. The other exhaustr valve -41 is of the-same construction as the valve, 37 and includes the stem'42, the casing 43 and an outlet pipe 44, to atmosphere. The valve 41 is actuated by .a cam 47 on the shaft 45. The lever 12 is pivoted at 5()A and is engaged by a, cam 51 on thfeshaftl 52 that is mounted in bearings 2, and is driven from the crank shaft 28 by gears 76 and 77. The lever 60, for operat ing the valvef14 .is operated by fa cam 53 on a shiftable sleeve 54 that has a collar 55 and lis vshiftable by a lever 57 and rod 56.

.The lever 57 `is held in its various positions by a .latch 58 and rack 59. The working agent inlet valve 62 is operated by a cam 69 on the shaft 52 which engages the valve stem 63, and the action of the cam 69 on the stem 63may be controlled by any suitable governor device 61, indicated in 1 and 3 of the drawings. The valve 62 has acas ing 64 that incloses a gas chamber 66 into which the gas pipe 67 leads and which communicates with the valve passageby port-s 70 68, as shown in detail in` Fig. 7.@ Air is admitted to the casing 64 through an air' pipe 65. Fly wheels v70 and 71are1pt'0- vded on the crankf shaft 28 to overcome n l dead centers and for the usual purposes.

The foregoing is a general description of i the construction of my engine and the valve actuating means, -it' being understood that the valves are set to' operate at predeter mined times. Y

Dejt'm'tz'ons of terms hereinafter usedlst. A. new charge, z'. c a fresh charge of working'agent that has never been exploded. 2nd. An exploded new charge, i. e.-,the new` charge after it` has been first ignitedvor exploded. 3rd. A primary exploded or preused charge, z'. e., the exploded new charge that is to be used a second time inthe high pressure cylinder to act on its pistonl and also to be used in the .lowpressure cylinderlto act on the low pressure piston; 4th. The

h finally exploded` orexhausted charge, e., T e

second time and its ener and expended. 5th. A fresh 'charge of comtbustible fuel or combustible aent, "5. e.,

the pre-used charge after .it has been used a; finallyy used up,

either gaseous or liquid fuel be ore it has lbeen used in the engine. 6th. Working agent, z'. e., the combined combustible sub-` stance and the supporter` of combustion.

7th. An element of the working agent,y z'. e.,

either the combustible substance or the supl .porter of combustion'.

Operation of the fom sho'wa'n Figs. 1 to -14.-Assume the engine to lhavebeen runfopera'ting and assume the ning for `several cycles and all chambers arts to have reached the position shown 1n Fig. 9. In lthis position, the valves 6, 37 'and 41 will lbe.

"closed and the valve 62 4just. having closed 110 and valve 1 4 being open; There' will bea ypre-used `clfialrge inthe chamber '74V andan 'exhausted charge in the chamber. 75l ofsf'the cylinder 30, and. at the same time therev will be a compressed new charge in the. 1w`

chamber 72 of thel cylinder 20 and an expanded, exploded charge inthe chamber 73, which, from this time` on, becomesa preus'ed charge. The exhausted` charge in the chamber 75 is separated from the' exploded 1.20` and expanded charge in the chamber 73 (both charges being at atmospheric pressure) by the theoretical parting line 90 in Fig. 9. The compressed new charge in-the chamber `72 in Fig. 9, is just about to be 125 exploded to move the partsfrom the position shown in Fig.\9-to the position shown in Fig. 10.` When the parts are in the'posi tion' shown inFi 9, the valve 62 'ust begms to open andl 1t then remains openuntil 13o the piston 23 closes the port 22. As the parts move from the position shown in Fig. 9 to that shown in Fig. 10, the piston 33 will cause a suction in the chamber 73 before the 1valve V14 closes, and before port 22 arrive at` the position shown in Fig. 10, the

val-ve 6 opens and permits thetcompressed pre-used charge `in the chamber 174 in Fig.

10 to unite its pressure and heat with that ofthe exploded new charge in chamber72 in Fig. 10, and cause both pistons 23and 33 tov The parts are move together in unison.

now inthe position as shown in Fig. 10. A

als

com ressed pre-used charge isin the chamber 4 land part of it is in the chamber 72, it 4being separated from the `active exploded new charge in chamber 72 by the theoretical line 91, the yvalve 6 being `open to open communication between the` chambers 74 and y72. At the same time there will be an exhausted charge and a pre-used charge in the chamber 7 5separated from one another bythe theoretical line 90 in Fig. 10. The valve 41 has just opened; the valve 14 is closed., While the parts are `positioned as shown in Fig. 10, there will be a fresh new exploded charge of working iagentundergoing compression inthe chamber 73 in Fig; l0. Now as the` arts move from the osi# tion shown in` .ig.` 10. intot the position shown in Fig.` 11, the pistons 23 and 133 move together. When the 'irts have arrived at the position shown 1n` Fig.` 11, the valves 6 and 41 will still be open and 'the valves 14 and 37 will still be closed, .as will alsobe the valvev 62. The pre-used charge ,in chamber 74 and the exploded new charge in chamber 72 are still exercising their combined force on thevpistons `33 and 23.`

in Fig. 12, the `old exhausted charge will fill the chamber 74. The preused charge in chamber 75 is being compressed. The valves 37, 41 and 14 are closed, while the valves 6` and 62; are open. The charge of exploded working agent in `chamber 72 will have ex-` panded toatmospheric pressure. The new charge in chamber 73 will have become fully compressed and about ready to explode.:

The piston 33 has commenced to sucktin a fresh charge of working agent into the chamber 72 and to draw the ex loded lexpanded charge from the chamber 2 into the becomes closed by the fpiston 23, thus draw` .in unison from ri ht to left in Fi 13, as

charge in chamber 72 is being compressed chamber 74. An explosion now occurs in chamber `73 in Fig. 12 and the parts move from the position shown in Fig. 12 to the position shown inFig. 13. When the parts reach the position shown in Fig. 13, the valves 6, 41 and 62 have closed; the valves 37 and `14 have opened.1 qAt this time there will be an old exhausted charge and a preused charge `in chamber 74 separated by the theoretical line 91, and at the same time there will be a new unexploded uncompressed charge in chamber 72 which is 'about to be-compiessed. At the same time thereiwill be a compressed pre-used charge in the `chamber which is uniting its force with the exploded new charge in chamber 73, apart ofthe compressed pre-used charge in chamber 75 beingalso contained in chamber 7 3 `in Fig. 13 and separated from the exploded new charge bythe theoretical line v0, `thus chambers 73 and 75 are `in comunication through the valve 14 and there are equal pressures in both chambers which serve i-to make both pistons 23 and 33 move they leave the position shownin Fig. 13 to go` to the position shdwn iii Figgl4. In moving from the position shown in Fig. `13 to the position showntin Fig. 14, the new by; the `piston `23, the exhausted charge in chamber 74 is passing to atmosphere'through the` valve 37. The equalized `pressures in chambers 75 and 73 are forcing `the pistons 23-33 in the direction of the arrows in 100 Fig. 14. As theparts move from the positionshown in Fig. 14`back to the position shown in Fig. 9, the cycle of operation isl complete and further` -movements of` the parts merely repeat4 the foregoing opera- 105 tions. By manipulating `the lever 57`to bring the collar 55 into engagement with the lever 60, the valve 14 may be held opened at all times, so as tothrow the cylinder ends 73 and 75 out of operative action 11'0 t sothat the engine can work as a single acting two-cycle compound` engine.

nFig. 15, I have diagrammatically illustrated a modification of my invention whereini the engine is a single acting Jtwo-cycle i cranks.' The operation of the engine dis- 1201 closed diagrammatically in Figs. 15 and 16,

is recisely the same so far as the cylinder en s 74, 72, 73 and 75 are concerned, and the operation of the forms shown in Figs. 15 and 16.will be readily apparent to those skilled in `the art to which the invention` appertains, by reference to the operation of the :forms shown diagrammatically inFigs. 9 to 14 inclusive.

Attention is called to the fact that `the 180 valves 6 and 14 are not opened to admit the cooler compressed pre-used charge from the cylinder into the cylinder 2O to unite with the new charge therein untilsuch new charge has been compressed by the pistonl 23 and burned, in other Words, the pre-used charge `is not added to the'new charge in the cylinder 20 until after such new charge has been fired to force the piston 23 on its working stroke. Therefor fouling of the new unex'- ploded charge is prevented and the full initial force of the fired new charge is utilized.

From the foregoing description taken in` struction of the engine can be made without departing from the gist of my t invention,

which, as before stated, resides in any engine wherein the working agent charge is first exploded and its energy expended on a piston, after which it is removed and re'- placed by a new char e, which in turn is exploded and to .whic

' charge is added to be used overfagain, a second ftime, after which, the first vexploded charge, which then becomes the old exhausted charge-plus the second charge that'was exploded is withdraw from the first or primary cylinder, replaced by a ythird new charge, the second chargev being then the reusable or pre-usedcharge after which the= old exploded or exhausted charge is removed to` atmosphere while lthe second charge in whole or in part is returned to the third new charge after it has been exploded and so on ad inyfntum, 1n other Words, my inventiony resides in an engine of the type stated in which the exploded charge is used over again, in whole or in part, by adding to ita fresh charge, before exhausting toatmosphere.

What I claim is 1. Inza two-cycle engine, a primary cylinder andits workingpist-on and a secondary cylinder and its workingpiston, a crank shaft] and connecting rods between said crank shaft'and said pistons, said crank shaft having a crank port-ion for `each connecting rod, .one of said crank portions being set in advance of the other to cause said pistons to move in definite relation to one' another, a valved exhaust port for said secondary cylinder, a valved intercommunicating port bet-ween said primary and secondary cylinders, and avalved inlet port to said `primary cylinder combined with valve actuthe formerly used' ating means foract'uatingfsaid valves at predetermined times to` cause lsaid secondary piston to actas a pump piston during a part of its cycle of operation to draw a new-:'cliarge'into said primary cylinder and simultaneously `remove an exploded new charge from said primary cylinder into said secondary `cylinder during a part of .the cycle of movement of said pistons and to cause said piston to force an exhausted charge through said exhaust poi-t to atmosphere during another part of' its cycle of movement and to cause said secondary pistonto vreturn a pre-used charge to said primary cylinder to unite with an exploded new charge in said primary cylinder during another part of the cycle of movement ,of

said pistons, all of said operations taking part in a predetermined order. e

2. In a two-cycle engine, a primary'cylinder and its working piston, a secondary cyl- 1 inder and its working piston, a crai k shaft and connecting rods` between sai 'crank shaft and said pistons, said crank shaft having its cranks set-to cause said pistons to operatel one-in advance of the other, port v connections betweenI said cylinders, a newy charge inlet porttq said primary cylinder andan exhausted charge outletl port for said secondary cylinder, combined with valve devices for controlling said ports and means for operating said valve devicesv through predetermined cycles of operation to cause said secondary piston to act as a pump pistonfor supplying a charge to said primary cylinder during one part of its cycle of operation, and to actas a working piston during a further part of its cycle of operation and to act-as an` exhaust discharging piston duringa still further part of its cycle of operation. e

3. In a two-cycle engine, aprimary cylinder and its working piston, and a secondary cylinder and its piston, a new chargeinlet port forl said primary cylinder, anl exhaust port for said secondary cylinder and an Ainterconnnunicating port between said cylinders, a crank shaft., connections between said crank shaft and said pistons to coperatively move said pistons one in advance of the other -together with meanscoperating with the aforesaid parts for controlling said ports to cause said secondary piston to act as a suction pump piston during one part of its ,cycle of operation to supply fuel to the primary cylinder and to act with the primary piston as a working piston during a second partof its cycleA of operation, and to act as an exhaustdischarging piston during athird part of its cycle of movement,- and to return a predetermined pre-used charge from the secondary cylinder to the primary cylinder during a fourth valve part of its cycle of movement. Y

4. In an engine of the character stated,i.a

primary cylinder and its working piston, a secondary cylinder and `its piston, a crank shaft, connecting rods between said pistonsl and said crank shaft, said crank shaft having its cranks set to cause said pistons to move one in advance of the other, port connections between said cylinders, means cooperating with the aforesaid parts to cause the secondary piston to act `as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operation to supply fuel to the primary cylinder, and to act as a force pump piston during a further part of its cycle of operation to injecta pre-used charge into the primary cylinder.

5. .In anengine of the character stated, a primary cylinder and its working piston, a secondary cylinder and its piston, a crank shaft, connectingjrods between said pistons and said crank shaft,said crank shaft having its cranks set to cause said pistons to move one in advance of the other, port connections between said cylinders, means coperating with the aforesaid parts to cause the secondary pistonto act as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operationto supply fuel to the primary cylinder, and to act as a iorcc pump piston during a further part of its cycle of operation to inject a pre-used charge into the primarycylinder, and to act as a'working piston duringia still further part of its cycle of operation.

6. In anjengine of the character stated, a primary afia secondary cylinder, a piston foreach ofsaid cylinders, a crank shaft having cranks'set at an angle to one another, connecting rods between said pistons and cranks, port connections betweensaid cylin- 40. ders, an inlet port to the primary cylinder,

and an exhaust port to the secondary cylinder, valve devices for said ports, and means for' actuating said valve devices to co erate with said pistons to cause said secon ary 45 piston to act as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operation to supply fuel to the primary cylinder, and to act as a force pump pistonto inject apreused charge into the primary cylinder during a second part of its cycle of operation,

and to act as a lworkin :piston during a third part of its cycle' o operation, and to act as an exhausting,pistonduringa fourth part of its cycle of operation.

7. In a two-cycle engine, a primary cylinder and its working plston, and a secondary cylinder and its working piston,` a `new charge inlet port to oneiofsaid cylinders and an exhaust port for the other :cylinder o a crank shaft and connections between sai crank shaft and said pistons, said crank 4 shaft havingits crank set to cause said pis-v tons to operate one in advance of the other, valves for said ports, and a"valve controlled port connection between said cylinders, to-

'gether with mechanically actuated devices for `operatingsaid valves at predetermined intervals to cause said secondary piston to act as a suction pump piston during apart of `its cycle of operation to remove a preused charge from the primary cylinder and to supply a new char e in lieu of tlie preused charge so remove and to act as a force pump piston during another part of lits cycle of operation to returnmrc or less of `said pre-used charge into saidprimary cylinder.`

8. Inan engine of the character stated,a

primary cylinder and its working,r piston, a

`secondary cylinder and its working piston,

a crankshaft having cranks, connecting rods between said pistons and said. cranks, said cranks being set to cause said pistons to opcrate one in advance of the other, a `new charge inlet port to one of said cylinders and an exhaust port for the other cylinder,a port connection between said cylinders, valves for controlling said ports and port connections, and valve actuating,r devices cooperating with said valves and the aforesaid parts to cause said secondary piston to act as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operation to remove a preused charge from the primary cylinder and supply a new charge in lieu of the 'charge so removed and to act during a second part of its cycle of operation as a force pump to return moreor less of such pre-used charge into sald prlmary cylinder, and to act dur-r` ing a third part of its cycle of operation as a working piston.

9. In an engine of the character stated, a primary cylinder and its working piston, a secondary cylinder and its workingpiston,

a crank shaft having cranks, connecting rods between said pistons and said cranks, said cranks being set to cause said pistons to operate one in advance of the other, a new charge inlet port to' one of said cylinders and an exhaust port for the other cylinder, a port connection between `said cylinders, valves `forzcontrolling` said ports and` port connections, and valve actuating devices cooperating `with said valves and the aforesaid parts `to 'cause said secondary piston to act as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operation to remove a pre-u lcharge from t-he primary cylinder and draw in a new charge `1n lieu of the charge so re moved and to act during a second part of its cycle of operation as a force pump to return more or less of said pre-used charge into said primary cylinder and to act `during a third part of its cycle of operation as a workingr piston, and to act during a fourth` part of its cycle of operatiom'as an exhaustimggfpiston` to remove the exhausted charge from said cylinders.

10. In a two-cycle enginea primary ,cylinder and its working piston and a secondarycylnder and. its piston, a valved port inder, and a valved exhaust port for the secondary cylinder, combined with devices having provisions for actuating said valves and said pistons. to cause said secondary piston to act as a suction pump pist-on during a part of its stroke todraw a new charge into the primary cylinder, and to cause said secondary piston to act as a force pump to forcel a pre-used charge into said primary x,nylinder duringa second part of its cycle of peratio, and to cause said secondary piston to act duri-.ng a'thirdpart` of its cycle of operation as lan exhausting pump to deliver the exhausted charge to atmosphere.

11.'Ink a two-cycle engine, a primary cylinder and its working piston-and a secondary cylinder and its piston, a valved port connecting said cylinderstogether, a valved working agent inlet port to the primary cylinder, a valved exhaust port-from the secondary cylinder, combined with means for actuating said pistons and said valves y after the new charge has been pre-used.

to cause said secondary iston 'to act as a suction pump piston during one part of its cycle of operation to draw a new charge into the primary cylinder, andto cause said secondary piston to act as a force pump during a second part loi. its cycle of operation to force a pre-used charge into' the primary cylinder to add its energy to that within the primary cylinder, and to cause said secondary piston'to act as afwerking piston durving a third part of its stroke.

l Il2. In a two-cycle engine, a primary cylinder and its working piston, and a secondary cylinder and its piston, a valved port connecting said cylindersqtogether, a valved working agent inlet port to the primary cylinder, a` valvedgexhaust portV from the secpndary cylinder,eombined with devices having provisions for 'actuating said pistons and said valves to cause said seconday cylinder to act as a suction pump piston durl ing one part of its'cycle of operation to draw a new charge of working agent into the primary `cyl1nder, and to causesaid secondary cylinder to act as a force pump duringl a second 'part' of its cycle of loperation to force a pre-used charge into Athe primary cylinder to add its energy to that within the primary cylinder, andto cause said secondary piston to act as a working piston during a third part of its stroke, and to cause vsaid secondary piston to act during a fourth part of its cycle of, operation as a pump piston to deliver the exhausted charge to atmosphere.

13. In an internal lcombustion engine, .a primar lc linder and its piston, a second-- ary cy in er, an intereommunicating port between the two cylinders, a working agent inlet port for the'v primary cylinder, an exhaust port for thelsecondary cylinder; coinbined with mechanical devices `coperating with the aforesaid parts and havin Vprovisions for drawing a red or pre-use charge from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinder and simultaneously admitting a new charge into the primary cylinder and subsequently yforcing the withdrawn preused charge in whole or in part, back into the primary cylinder to unite with the new charge. l

14. In an internal combustion engine, a primary cylinder and its piston, a secondvary cylinder, an intercommunicating port between the two cylinders, a working agent inlet port for the .primary cylinder, an exhaust port for the secondary cylinder; com-` bined with mechanical devices cooperating with the aforesaid parts and having p'rovisions for drawing a pre-used` charge from the primary cylinder into theI secondary cylinder and simultaneously admitting a new charge into the primary cylinder and subsequently forcing the withdrawn pre-used charge in whole or in part back into the primary cylinder to unite with thenew charge,

' 15. In an internal combustion eng-finan ary cylinder and its piston, an intercom-y municati-ng port between the said cylinders, 1 a new charge inlet port to the primary cylinder, an exhaust port for the secondary cylsions -for controlling said ports and controlling t-he operation of 'said pistons to cause a pre-used charge to be withdrawnffrom the primary cylinder into the. secondary cyl-v Vinder while a new charge is admitted into lsaid primary cylinder to be compressed by the piston therein, and to cause the'witiidrawn charge to be recompressed and returned in whole or in part to said primaryf vcylinder after the new charge has been compressed and before its Ienergy pended on the primary piston.

16. In an internal.combustion engine, a

has been exinder; combined with devices having proviprimary cylinder and its piston, asecondvary cylinder and its piston, en intercominunicating port between said cyhnders, a new charge inlet port to the primary cylinder,

an exhaust port from the secondary.,.cylin der; combined with mechanical devices havingprovisions for controlling said ports and said pistons to cause a pre-used charge to be withdrawn from the primarycylinder into the secondary cylinder while a new charge is admitted into said' rimary cylinder to be compressed by the p1ston `therein,/ and to cause the withdrawn charge to berecompressed and returned'in wholeor inpart to said primary cylinder after the new charge` has been compressed and before its energy has been expendedonfV the primary piston,`

and to equalize the pressure inthe twocylinders at times to cause both ,pistion's to'k move together as'one, said mechanical deizo vices iincludingmeans for opening said exhaust port at `times to pass the exhausted charge to atmosphere.

17. In an internal combustion engine, a primary cylinder and its piston, a `secondary cylinder and its piston, port connections between the two cylinders, `a new charge inlet port to one of the cylinders, and

an exhaust port for the other cylinder,`

and force it in whole or in part back into the u primary cylinder after the new charge in the primary cylinder has been tired and the primary piston is moving on its working1 stroke.

18. In an internal combustion engme, a

primary cylinder and its piston, a secondary` cylinder and its piston, portconnections between the two cylinders, a new charge inlet port to one of the cylinders, and ari-,exhaust port for the other cylinder, Valves for controlling said ports, a crank shaft, connections between said crank shaft and said pistons, `valve actuating devices coperatively connected with said crank shaft and said. valves and having provisions for operating said valves at predetermined times to cause said secondary piston to withdraw an eX-` ploded charge from said primary cylinder into said,` secondary cylinder and simultaneously resupply the primary cylinder witha new. charge during a part of `the cycle of op eration, and to cause said secondary piston to recompress the `exploded or pre-used charge in the secondary cylinder and `force it in whole or in part back into the primaryl cylinder aft-er the new chai-gein the primary cylinder has been fired and the primary pist-on is moving on its working stroke, said valve actuating devices including provisions for retaining said port between sald two cylinders open after the recompressed pre-used charge is added to the exploded new charge in-the primary cylinder tocause an equalization ofI pressure in the two cylinders and therebycause the two pistons to move together in unison during a part of their strokes.

19. In an internal combustion engine, a primary cylinder and its piston, and a secondarycylinder and its piston, .a crank shaft and connectingrods between the cranks of said crank shaft and said pistons, said shaft having its cranks set to cause its pistons to move one in advance of the other, intercom-` municating` ports between the ends of said cylinders, a Working agent inlet port for admitting new charges centrally into the primary cylinder, a pair of exhaust ports for the secondary cylinder disposed to communicate with said secondary cylinder, intermediate the ends and center thereof, valves,for consaid valves and said pistons at predetermined times to cause said engine to act as a u double acting engine. and 4cause said secondary piston to withdraw a pre-used charge fromzone end of the primary cylinder into the `corresponding end of the secondary cylinder during one part of the cycle of operationof the secondary piston, and simultaneously admitting va new charge of working agent into the evacuated end of the primary cylinder, said secondary piston servlng dur- `vrs trolling said ports, and means `for actuating inga second part of its cycle 'of operation to.

recompress the pre-used charge that was withdrawn from. the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinder and return it. in whole or in part to the corresponding endof .the primary cylinder.

20. In an internal combustion engine, a

'primary cylinder and its piston, a secondary cylinder and its'piston, intercommunicating ports between the ends of said cylinders, control valves in said intercommunicating ports, a Working agent nletport for admitting new charges lcentrally into the primary cylinder, a pair of exhaust ports for the secondary cylinder disposed to communicate l with said secondary cylinder intermediate the ends and center thereof, valves for con-l trolling said exhaust ports, acrank shaft, connect-ions between said crankshaft and said pistons to cause said pistons to operate,

valve actuating devices for all of said valves l copcratively connected with said crank shaft and having provisions to open and close said valves at predetermined timesto cause said engine to act as a double acting engine throughout its cycle of operation and to cause said secondary piston to withdraw i a pre-used charge from: one end of the primary cylinder into the corresponding end of the secondary cylinder during one part of the cycle of operation of said secondary piston and simultaneously permit a new c ar eV of working agent to enter through the wor ingI agent. inlet port into' the evacuated end of said primary cylinder, and to cause said secondary piston during a second part of its cycle of operation to re-compress the preused charge that was withdrawn from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinder and return it in whole or in part to the corresponding end of the primary cyl-` inder,and to hold said valve of said inter-` communicating, port between said `cerrel spending ends of said :cylinders open to equalize the` pressure in said corresponding lends of said cylinders during a part ofthe cycle of operation of said pistonsto cause `said new exploded charge and said pre-used charge to simultaneously actl on both pis-- tons and move them in unison.

2l. A compound internal combustion en gine including a main and a secondary cyl-4 inder and their pistons, aucommon crank shaft having cranks connected with said' pistons and set to operate'one piston in advance ofthe other, oneof the-cylinders having a valve controlled inlety port and the the secondary cylinder during one part of its cycle of operation; then causing said primary piston to compress said new charge while said secondary piston forces an exhausted charge to atmosphere, then causing said new charge to be ignited to act on said primary piston and also vcause said seconda-ry piston to*fretnrn said pre-usedxcrharfge in whole or in part to said primary cylinder to uniteA withwtlie exploded new chargeand thereby expend its' energy also on said secondary piston to cause yit to move on its working stroke as said primary piston moves on its working stroke.

22. In an internal combustion engine o' the compound type, the y combination of two separate cylinders and 'their pistons, a common crank shaft connecting `the rods between thecrank shaft and the pistons, said cylinders each having suitably controlled individual and interconnecting ports, all be# ing arranged -to causea charge of air `and fuel to enter one ofsaid cylinders to be compressed by thepiston in said cylinder `and to 'cause the other pistonand cylinder to assist in charging the irst cylinder during a part of the cycle of operation and for causing both pistons to act in unison as working pistons during another part of the cycle of operation of the engine and for exhausting a predeternfiined quantity of the burnt gases to atmosphere 'during `another part of the cycle of voperation of the engine.

WM. JQ WRIGHT. y, Witnesses: ALBERT E. DLETERICH,

JOHN T. SCHROTT. 

